Showing posts with label bees. Show all posts
Showing posts with label bees. Show all posts
Wednesday, 17 February 2010
Wednesday, 25 November 2009
Wild life- Diary of a Nomadic Naturalist- November
"Not all bees are black and yellow. In Europe, we tend to think of honey bees and bumble bees and, perhaps- if pushed- of the solitary red mason bees that various wildlife organisations are urging us to protect and make provisions for in our gardens. In other countries, however, the word “bee” comes with much more colourful associations.
In my previous incarnation, as a research biologist, I must have spent many weeks trawling through the dry and chilly storerooms of various famous museums, which is a story in itself. This last month, I have been revisiting my last big scientific project- a study of bee and wasp colouration- as I have sifted through the masses of images on my hard drive. Periodic hard-drive purges and desktop re-arrangement are undoubtedly as much a part of the modern scientist’s annual routine as mending butterfly nets and topping up specimen jars was for our antecedents. In my case, I have many gigabytes of images gleaned from Oxford University’s Museum of Natural History and two Belgian museums.
Museum trips were one of my great pleasures as a scientist and, in this case, I spent many happy days going through countless tight-fitting wooden drawers, deciphering Victorian handwritten labels and photographing anything that caught my eye. There were startling metallic Mexican orchid bees (complete with the impossibly long, drinking-straw-like probosces they need to access nectar) and sinister shiny blue thread-waisted “digger wasps”, with their fearsome-looking stings and a thousand other species in every colour of the rainbow.
People tend not to group ants with wasps and bees, but they are related- they are all members of the hymenoptera: a sophisticated insect family with numerous equally vibrant, but more obscure members.
In the case of my own work, I generally talk about colour in its literal sense, but amongst the hymenoptera- the bees, wasps, ants and their relatives- there are so many creatures with private lives that are certainly “colourful” in the word’s more figurative sense. For example, I am told that the thread-thin waists of the digger wasps allow them enough flexibility to sting forwards, as well as behind them. A similar trick is used by certain ants, who bite would-be-attackers and then angle their rear-end forwards, and spray formic acid from the end of their abdomens into the wound; a very biological version of adding-insult-to-injury. Then there is the “gay” behaviour seen in certain Australian parasitic wasps and there is the ability of worker bees to detect how many sexual partners their mother- the Queen- has had. However, all this pales in comparison with the lives of the digger wasps mentioned above, which sting other insects with a paralysing venom, drag their helpless victims’ bodies into subterranean hollows and then lay their eggs in the still living insects’ flesh, leaving them to be eaten alive from the inside out, once the eggs hatch into larvae.
When Tennyson famously wrote that nature is “red in tooth and claw”, it seems that he was making an understatement. "
-Extract from the forthcoming book, "Weirdbeautiful" (c) Victoria Neblik, 2009. Text and images all (c) V Neblik. All rights reserved.
To join the mailing list for advance notification of "Weirdbeautiful"'s publication, e mail neblik@yahoo.co.uk with "Weirdbeautiful book mailing list" in the title. You will not be sent any spam or other mailings and your e mail address will not be passed on or sold to any third parties. I also have a technical book on aspects of bee, wasp, ant, ichnuemon fly and sawfly colouration due out soon: "Beautiful Bees, Wasps, Ants and Sawflies: Structural colouration in the Hymenoptera"-this was co-authored with Prof. Jean-Pol Vigneron- for details, please e mail the same address. Thanks.
In my previous incarnation, as a research biologist, I must have spent many weeks trawling through the dry and chilly storerooms of various famous museums, which is a story in itself. This last month, I have been revisiting my last big scientific project- a study of bee and wasp colouration- as I have sifted through the masses of images on my hard drive. Periodic hard-drive purges and desktop re-arrangement are undoubtedly as much a part of the modern scientist’s annual routine as mending butterfly nets and topping up specimen jars was for our antecedents. In my case, I have many gigabytes of images gleaned from Oxford University’s Museum of Natural History and two Belgian museums.
Museum trips were one of my great pleasures as a scientist and, in this case, I spent many happy days going through countless tight-fitting wooden drawers, deciphering Victorian handwritten labels and photographing anything that caught my eye. There were startling metallic Mexican orchid bees (complete with the impossibly long, drinking-straw-like probosces they need to access nectar) and sinister shiny blue thread-waisted “digger wasps”, with their fearsome-looking stings and a thousand other species in every colour of the rainbow.
People tend not to group ants with wasps and bees, but they are related- they are all members of the hymenoptera: a sophisticated insect family with numerous equally vibrant, but more obscure members.
In the case of my own work, I generally talk about colour in its literal sense, but amongst the hymenoptera- the bees, wasps, ants and their relatives- there are so many creatures with private lives that are certainly “colourful” in the word’s more figurative sense. For example, I am told that the thread-thin waists of the digger wasps allow them enough flexibility to sting forwards, as well as behind them. A similar trick is used by certain ants, who bite would-be-attackers and then angle their rear-end forwards, and spray formic acid from the end of their abdomens into the wound; a very biological version of adding-insult-to-injury. Then there is the “gay” behaviour seen in certain Australian parasitic wasps and there is the ability of worker bees to detect how many sexual partners their mother- the Queen- has had. However, all this pales in comparison with the lives of the digger wasps mentioned above, which sting other insects with a paralysing venom, drag their helpless victims’ bodies into subterranean hollows and then lay their eggs in the still living insects’ flesh, leaving them to be eaten alive from the inside out, once the eggs hatch into larvae.
When Tennyson famously wrote that nature is “red in tooth and claw”, it seems that he was making an understatement. "
-Extract from the forthcoming book, "Weirdbeautiful" (c) Victoria Neblik, 2009. Text and images all (c) V Neblik. All rights reserved.
To join the mailing list for advance notification of "Weirdbeautiful"'s publication, e mail neblik@yahoo.co.uk with "Weirdbeautiful book mailing list" in the title. You will not be sent any spam or other mailings and your e mail address will not be passed on or sold to any third parties. I also have a technical book on aspects of bee, wasp, ant, ichnuemon fly and sawfly colouration due out soon: "Beautiful Bees, Wasps, Ants and Sawflies: Structural colouration in the Hymenoptera"-this was co-authored with Prof. Jean-Pol Vigneron- for details, please e mail the same address. Thanks.
Sunday, 27 August 2006
Bee time- Science News
Researchers at the University of Western Ontario in Canada have proven that bumblebees can sense the length of time passing. A study in which bumblebees were trained to expect food rewards after intervals of a few seconds was published this month in the journal Current Biology by Michael Boisvert and David Sherry.
In the wild, bumblebees are known to visit renewing nectar sources repeatedly to feed, so the scientists suspected they had some mechanism for sensing time durations. They trained groups of the bees to expect food (an artificial nectar solution) 6, 12 or 36 seconds after a light was turned off in their enclosure. The bees were tested individually and responded after an appropriate interval by extending their mouthparts into the nectar tube to drink. By varying the intervals –for example alternating randomly between 6 second delays and 36 second delays during training- the scientists showed that the bees could learn to time for 2 different durations simultaneously- typically they would respond either by attempting to feed between the 2 correct time intervals or in 2 flurries of activity, making attempts to feed around the correct time for the shorter duration and then again around the correct time for the longer duration.
Michael Boisvert and David Sherry's bumblebee study was published in Volume 16 (No16) of the journal Current Biology.
In the wild, bumblebees are known to visit renewing nectar sources repeatedly to feed, so the scientists suspected they had some mechanism for sensing time durations. They trained groups of the bees to expect food (an artificial nectar solution) 6, 12 or 36 seconds after a light was turned off in their enclosure. The bees were tested individually and responded after an appropriate interval by extending their mouthparts into the nectar tube to drink. By varying the intervals –for example alternating randomly between 6 second delays and 36 second delays during training- the scientists showed that the bees could learn to time for 2 different durations simultaneously- typically they would respond either by attempting to feed between the 2 correct time intervals or in 2 flurries of activity, making attempts to feed around the correct time for the shorter duration and then again around the correct time for the longer duration.
Michael Boisvert and David Sherry's bumblebee study was published in Volume 16 (No16) of the journal Current Biology.
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